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EvoMapAgents & automation

EvoMap is an infrastructure designed for the reuse of AI agent experiences. It organizes reusable strategies and repair assets with validation records via the GEP protocol, offering market- and quality-based ranking to help different agents discover, evaluate, and inherit existing capabilities.

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JAXModels & infrastructure

JAX is a Python numerical computing library designed for accelerators, specifically tailored for high-performance array computations and large-scale machine learning. It efficiently executes the same code across multiple hardware backends, including CPUs, GPUs, and TPUs.

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AI ShortWriting & content

AIS ALERT MANAGEMENT AND SHARED PLATFORM, QUICK COMMAND FOR MULTIPLE SCENARIOS

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KiroCoding & development

Kiro is an AI engineering tool for developers that organizes requirements into specifications, architectures, and tasks, generates code via agents, and supports the entire workflow—from planning to code review—through property-based testing, execution memory, and integration with development tools.

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MemoAIMusic & audio

MemoAI is an AI-powered audio-to-text tool that supports localized processing, eliminating the need to upload data and ensuring privacy and security. It can efficiently transcribe YouTube videos, podcasts, and local audio/video files (such as MP4, MP3, AAC, M4A, etc.) into text, while offering core features like multilingual translation, speaker diarization, real-time subtitles, and floating notes—making it ideal for meeting minutes, interview transcription, content learning, and more.

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Open DesignDesign & 3D

OpenDesign is an open-source design workspace that can connect to local programming agents, use built-in model keys, or leverage cloud-based models, enabling the creation and editing of prototypes, web pages, presentations, and graphics within a design system; local software is free, while model services incur fees.

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闪剪Video & animation

FlashCut is an AI-powered creation platform for voice-over and short-video marketing. It can generate finished videos with voiceovers, subtitles, and visuals from text, offering digital human customization, photo-to-digital-human conversion, live-stream clipping, and intelligent editing. It also provides APIs and branded mini-program solutions for businesses.

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ClipDropImages & editing

Clipdrop is a suite of AI-powered image creation and editing tools, covering background removal, local cleanup, image enlargement, upscaling, relighting, text removal, and background replacement. It allows users to process images directly in the browser and also provides developers with an API for integrating these capabilities into their applications.

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RowsData & analytics

Rows is a spreadsheet tool that combines AI analytics, data integration, and interactive reporting, enabling you to organize documents and business data using natural language, merge datasets, generate reports, and build computational models. The official website currently indicates that it has been integrated with Superhuman and provides a corresponding link to continue using the service.

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FinBusiness & support

CLIENT-ORIENTED AI SMART BODY。

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AI, as it happens

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Models · Research paper · 130 storiesClear filters ×
2026-11-06
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13:00

BlockLock: Reproducible LLM Inference with Fixed Batch Geometry

arXiv:2611.06977v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reproducible LLM inference requires that a request produces the same output regardless of the other requests in the batch. Existing solutions pay for this in different ways: batch-invariant kernels constrain every operator, and isolating prefill with fixed-shape decode ({our CoRun-style baseline}) gives up shared prefill compute and pads decode. We present BlockLock, which keeps shared batched prefill and pins only the numerical path of the protected request: it fixes the geometry that the request sees, with {two modes: BlockLock-Rows uses fixed-width rows and retains batched decode of all requests; BlockLock-Pack uses terminal-anchored packing with an isolated dummy segment, then extracts the protected request's KV state for target-only decode. Under a stated per-deployment contract, both modes preserve the target's output bitwise when its companions change.} Across five {dense} models (Qwen3-8B/14B, Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, and Gemma-3-4B/12B-IT) and three single-GPU deployments (NVIDIA A6000, A100, and H100), we evaluate our approach on both tinyBenchmarks and BFCL{; we also include initial tensor-parallel experiments on two NVIDIA A6000 GPUs. Both modes preserve target sequences and Top20-logit bits in the reported tests.} At equal delivered work, {BlockLock-Rows} reduces latency by 53.5--55.0\% and improves throughput by 115.2--122.2\% relative to vLLM Batch-Invariant; compared with batch-invariant kernels, it needs no custom kernel implementations and constrains only the protected requests.

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13:00

Information-Matched Auditing of Conversational Emotion-Shift Forecasting: A Leakage-Safe Evaluation Protocol

arXiv:2611.05895v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Comparisons in conversational emotion-shift forecasting are easily distorted when a learned model receives rich features but its transition baseline is given a noisy or unavailable current-emotion label, when hyperparameter budgets differ, or when target-turn information enters the representation. We present an information-matched, leakage-safe auditing protocol that closes these gaps with an explicit commitment point, executable causality tests, equal four-configuration validation searches, and seed-dialogue-aware inference. Applying it to six causal model families on four text corpora and two feature-source sensitivity configurations shows that a deployable train-only current-emotion classifier feeding the transition baseline yields a different verdict than an oracle diagnostic where both sides receive gold current emotion. Under the deployable condition, learned models improve over the predicted-label baseline on all four primary corpora; DailyDialog gains are large and survive a 72-comparison Holm correction (best ROC-AUC gain = +0.167, adjusted p=.0144). Under matched gold information, the baseline remains competitive on IEMOCAP and stronger on MELD, while every model retains a large DailyDialog advantage. We additionally report precision-recall AUC, calibration, a strictly utterance-local feature control, same-person self-shift forecasting, and a future-access dose-response test. An eight-item leakage checklist accompanies the protocol. Code, raw seed predictions, and reporting artifacts are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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13:00

KDASO: Knowledge-Data Dual-Driven Automated Skill Optimization for Liability Adjudication Tasks

arXiv:2611.06972v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Liability adjudication tasks (e.g., legal charge determination) require analyzing event descriptions against domain-specific skills to determine whether a party should bear liability. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in this area by leveraging executable skills for interpretable reasoning, existing approaches face three critical limitations: skill libraries become stale as real-world scenarios dynamically evolve, skill descriptions often suffer from a semantic execution gap where LLMs deviate from intended expert logic, and growing skill collections exceed context budgets causing critical skill omission. To address these challenges, we propose Knowledge-Data Dual-Driven Automated Skill Optimization (KDASO), which continuously evolves a skill library through neighborhood-conditioned induction from recent adjudication data, execution-aligned refinement based on LLM trajectory analysis, and context-budgeted routing for scalable skill selection. Experiments across ride-hailing adjudication, legal liability determination, and logical reasoning judgment demonstrate that KDASO significantly outperforms current general-purpose and domain-specific baselines. KDASO further achieves 8.96% improvement when transferring skills to concept-similar scenarios and maintains consistent performance gains through continuous optimization, underscoring the high transferability and stability of generated skills.

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13:00

NUMA-Torch: Compiler-Driven NUMA-Aware LLM Prefill on Multi-Socket CPUs

arXiv:2611.07105v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: For sufficiently large transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs), whose parameters cannot be retained in on-chip caches, prefill throughput on multi-socket CPUs is often limited by sustainable DRAM bandwidth rather than peak floating-point throughput. In the standard PyTorch compilation (i.e., TorchInductor) path, model weights are allocated without considering the Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) topology: specifically, the affinity between memory banks and compute cores is disregarded. This causes a substantial fraction of weight accesses to traverse the inter-socket interconnect, severely degrading the effective memory bandwidth available to each socket. We address this bottleneck through a compiler-level solution that makes TorchInductor NUMA-aware. Treating each NUMA socket as an independent tensor-parallel partition, we introduce NUMA-aware Tensor Parallelism (NUMA-TP). This approach transparently shards weights across sockets and schedules compute kernels such that thread pools and memory allocations remain strictly local to their respective sockets using CPU affinity. We evaluate the approach on GPT-2 (117M, 345M, 762M) and BERT (Small, Large), which exercise standard multi-head attention and MLP, as well as Gemma 3 270M, which combines Multi-Query Attention with a GeGLU-gated MLP. By strictly enforcing data locality, our approach successfully mitigates cross-socket traffic, achieving prefill speedups of up to 2.63x on a dual-socket Haswell platform, up to 1.87x on a dual-socket Cascade Lake platform, and up to 2.27x on a four-socket Haswell-EX platform.

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13:00

Selective, Risk-Controlled Emotion Forecasting in Conversation: From a Persistence Barrier to Departure Detection with Conformal Guarantees

arXiv:2611.05896v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Forecasting emotion in conversation is increasingly framed as predicting the next emotional state's value. We show this targets a hard quantity in a state-observed testbed and propose a learnable, deployable reformulation instead. On valence-arousal-dominance trajectories from a dyadic corpus, repeating a speaker's own previous state sets a persistence baseline that no frozen-encoder correction meaningfully improves upon and a state-space filter exceeds; the floor requires the historical state to be observed, since an estimated anchor collapses persistence below a direct forecaster. What survives is the timing of a departure from persistence, learnable on three of four corpora and near chance on the highest-base-rate corpus, a negative result we report. We recast the task as selective departure forecasting: a lead-time-weighted metric with a leakage protocol, and commitment policies whose best choice switches with the departure rate. A dialogue-level conformal risk control bounds the expected loss of committed predictions, meeting the target in all twelve configurations tested, though the guarantee is bought through abstention, with coverage and alarm recall falling sharply on the hardest corpus. One tested language model's confidence fails as a ranking signal where another succeeds, a model-dependent failure not yet attributable to family versus scale. Code and result logs are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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13:00

When Every Choice Is Correct: A Causal Study of Numerical Preference in Language Models

arXiv:2611.06025v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When a language model chooses a number between 1 and 30, every integer in the range is valid, yet the model can favor particular answers. We use numerical choice to study how preference is processed across layers and tokens. Perturbation probing and gradient attribution nominate neurons for activation interventions. In a selected Qwen3-4B case, a pre-answer edit changes 17 to 15 while both runs first emit 1. After the edit ends, selective cache and attention-output replacements trace part of its continuing influence on the second digit. Replacing one attention head's output or the other heads' outputs jointly produces similar immediate readout contributions; both interventions restore 17 but have different final log-odds effects on 7 versus 5. Holding later multilayer perceptron (MLP) outputs at their values from the edited run without either replacement reduces this effect gap from 0.119 to 0.0025 nat. Later computation therefore changes how similar local contributions affect the continuation. Retrospective estimates across eighteen contexts capture much of the probability movement but miss the selected answer switch. Prompt tests also separate influence from answer changes: one held-out prompt retains influence without switching, and only one of twelve fresh wordings qualifies for the reader/MLP test; there, joint MLP clamping again reduces the gap between the two reader effects while the answer remains 17. These results use numerical choice as a controlled case for studying persistent state and conditional downstream processing; they do not establish the origin or a complete circuit of natural numerical preference.

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2026-11-05
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A Controlled Experimental Evaluation of Configuration and Cache Architecture in LLM Serving Engines

arXiv:2611.05991v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent LLM applications repeat most of their prompt tokens across requests, and serving engines reuse the cached state of shared prefixes. vLLM and SGLang reuse it at different granularities, and benchmarks of their default deployments report large performance gaps, usually credited to the cache. Such comparisons rarely control for other configuration differences. One of them, whether a long prompt is prefilled in chunks, is set by each engine's defaults from the hardware and the release, and it confounds the comparison. We built a reproducible testbed on Kubernetes and a seeded multi-agent workload generator, and compared the two engines under vendor defaults and with chunked prefill matched. SGLang's configuration is the same in both arms, which makes it an internal control across independently provisioned deployments. Under defaults, vLLM's median time to first token is up to 64x SGLang's. Matching one setting removes 78% of the capacity gap where that gap is largest and 30 to 67% of the latency gap. Near saturation the remaining latency gap reflects queue growth. A fluid queue model driven only by a 4.4% throughput shortfall reproduces it, and shows that such a gap scales with the length of the benchmark run. What survives matching is a tail-latency advantage of 2.4 to 6.4x at equal throughput, consistent with cache-aware ordering of waiting requests. We derive six recommendations for comparing serving engines.

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13:00

A Feasibility Condition for Confidence-Gated Tiered LLM Inference

arXiv:2611.05394v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tiered inference distributes large language model computation across a hierarchy of devices, from on-device and edge hardware to the datacenter, and is increasingly offered as the route to cheaper, lower-latency, and more private serving. Most such systems orchestrate frozen model checkpoints, and most decide what to resolve locally and what to escalate using a confidence signal produced by a forward-deployed model. We give a closed-form condition for when no threshold on that signal makes a tiered cascade worthwhile relative to sending every query to the backstop. Modeling the routing decision as a binary test and separating local from escalation cost through an architecture cost ratio $\kappa$, we derive a feasibility condition bracketed by a signal-free floor, below which a cascade is feasible at any signal quality, and a perfect-signal ceiling, above which none is. Read along the $\kappa$ axis the condition inverts: where local compute is billed, cost binds, matching a recent empirical finding; where it is sunk, on decentralized hardware, feasibility becomes unconditional and signal quality instead sets what the cascade achieves. We turn the condition into three design requirements that existing trained-in primitives satisfy only in isolation, and we propose, as future work, a co-designed architecture and a protocol to test it. The condition and the inversion hold independently of that architecture; they are the paper's contribution.

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13:00

AGORA: Reliability-Aware Aggregation of LLM Judges via Item-Response Theory

arXiv:2611.05556v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-as-a-judge is a common substitute for costly human evaluation, and aggregating several judges is the standard remedy for any single judge's bias. Judge pools mix judges of very different reliability, while the human-labeled sets that validate them hold a few hundred items or fewer. In this regime the per-item mean weights weak judges as heavily as strong ones, and confusion-table models such as Dawid-Skene must estimate a per-judge error table from too few items. We propose AGORA (Aggregation Of Reliability-weighted Assessments), an item-response-theory aggregator that places every item on one latent quality scale and describes each judge by a sensitivity parameter and ordered rating thresholds, so judge reliability is learned from all items jointly and without human labels. Across three benchmarks, AGORA matches or exceeds Dawid-Skene on large evaluation sets, and its advantage widens as the set shrinks toward a few hundred items. It remains accurate as pools grow more uneven, a label-free dispersion statistic indicates in advance when trust weighting helps, and its learned trust weights track per-judge human validity.

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13:00

Assurance-Conditioned Continuous Authorization for Autonomous AI Agents

arXiv:2611.05632v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous software agents can act through tools, delegate work, and change their models or execution environments while earlier authorizations remain in flight. We present Assurance-Conditioned Continuous Authorization (ACCA), an approach designed to be harness-independent, for maintaining operational authority according to currently justified assurance. It distinguishes evidence validity from contextual applicability, derives assurance claims from eligible evidence, and resolves a multidimensional effective-authority envelope within a principal-declared ceiling and applicable policy. A typed dependency graph supports selective re-evaluation of authorization-relevant changes. An authority epoch changes when effective authority changes; a distinct optional authorization-basis version supports revalidation of action-specific authorization conditions. Protected effect-time enforcement can reject stale actions before a consequential resource change, subject to the available commit mechanism. A compositional Domain Governance Profile expresses domain-specific semantics without granting authority. Controlled scenario tests implemented as a regression suite using a trading profile exercise default-deny rules, evidence-conditioned contraction and recovery, policy divergence, selective non-response, and stale-action rejection at a local gateway before the simulated-broker boundary. The study establishes implementation-level evidence in one domain, not a cross-domain guarantee of harmful-behavior prevention.

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13:00

Cognitive Bias Signatures in Search-Equipped LLM Agents: A Stage-Resolved Analysis

arXiv:2611.05720v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Search can help LLM agents correct mistakes, but their starting conditions may shape which evidence they find and use. Drawing on cognitive-bias paradigms, we develop a controlled search harness to examine result order, records of prior work, and initial hypotheses while holding each question and document collection fixed. Matched controls distinguish order effects from differences in document composition and the effects of failed work from context length. Across 10 models and 1,000 synthetic search worlds, we track queries, retrieved documents, document openings, and final answers. Our comparisons suggest that final answers are more sensitive to initial evidence order during active search than when all evidence is supplied in full. Dead-end histories can reduce strategy switching relative to matched neutral histories, indicating an effect beyond context length. Under wrong hypotheses, stage measurements distinguish reduced retrieval or opening from errors that persist after counter-evidence is opened. Exploratory interventions show that opening counter-evidence more often can coincide with lower accuracy, while accuracy can improve with little change in opening.

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13:00

Phonological Knowledge of Chinese Characters in Language Models

arXiv:2611.05803v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How much phonological knowledge do language models (LMs) possess about Chinese characters, and how is this knowledge represented and used? We introduce PinyinBench, a controlled benchmark covering homophones, phonological features (initials, finals, and tones), and polyphonic characters. We investigate 17 text-only and multimodal LMs through three complementary approaches: behavioral evaluation, layer-wise probing, and activation steering. Behaviorally, models demonstrate substantial knowledge of initials and finals, with a frontier model (DS-v4-flash) scoring 90%+ in homophone judgment, when two characters share no phonological features. However, its accuracy drops sharply to 72% when two characters differ only in lexical tone. Probing reveals that tone is highly decodable from embeddings and improves modestly across layers, whereas segmental information starts less decodable and improves substantially with depth. Activation steering shows that segmental representations can systematically influence generation, while tone exhibits much weaker effects. Furthermore, audio-bearing training improves phonological decodability, including tone, without corresponding improvements in steering effectiveness. Together, these findings reveal distinct representational and functional profiles for segmental and tonal information, with tonal information much harder to access and manipulate, demonstrating the necessity for combined evaluation, probing, and causal intervention for understanding linguistic knowledge in LMs.

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13:00

Prospective Memory for Proactive LLM Agents

arXiv:2611.05731v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most memory systems for LLM agents are retrospective, preserving and retrieving past information to inform current decisions. Proactive agents, however, also require prospective memory: retaining future-directed intentions and realizing them when appropriate opportunities arise, even without explicit requests. Crucially, remembering the right intention does not guarantee acting at the right time: a related observation may call for waiting, while a later cue may make the same intention actionable. Inspired by cognitive theories of human prospective memory, we introduce Pro-Memory, a memory framework that separates maintaining future intentions from deciding when and how to realize them. Pro-Memory preserves pending objectives linked to their supporting evidence, assesses new observations against their original goals and activation conditions, and coordinates appropriate contributions with the agent's ongoing actions. It further updates intention states based on actions actually issued or evidence of resolution, while an experience memory distills feedback from completed episodes into guidance for future decisions. Experiments on two benchmarks spanning delayed-intention tasks and open-ended proactive assistance demonstrate consistent improvements in proactive task performance over representative memory approaches across multiple LLM backbones, while limiting unnecessary interventions.

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13:00

Rewrite, Then Veto: Rewriter-Agnostic Edit Gating for LLM-Based Post-OCR Correction

arXiv:2611.05539v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLMs can repair noisy OCR transcripts of historical documents, but they also change text that was already correct. We propose EditVeto, a veto gate placed after a full-context LLM rewrite. The rewrite is character-aligned to the OCR input, its differences are split into blocks, and a 0.6B-parameter gate keeps or reverts each block. An oracle analysis motivates the design: given the true error locations, per-span generation is worse than no correction, whereas vetoing a full rewrite's edits helps. Trained on rewrites by two Qwen3 models and evaluated, frozen, on the eight HIPE-OCRepair-2026 test sets, the gate improves all five rewriters tested, two of them unseen in training: weighted cMER falls by 0.0026-0.0044 and the preference score rises by 0.15-0.25 (paired bootstrap, p ~ 0.0002 each). On published competition outputs it lowers cMER for three of four teams but raises it for the winning run (0.0050 to 0.0065). In a second, disclosed test look, a retrained gate still improves LoRA-tuned rewriters (cMER -0.0011 to -0.0021), and an ensemble of their gated edits reaches a cMER of 0.0069 and a preference score of 0.928, mostly through fine-tuning and pooling rather than gating. Built only on public models and data, it is behind the winner (0.0050) and tied with the second-ranked run (0.0071), both from the only team using domain pre-training, and ahead of all other published runs. A third, secondary look shows the unchanged gate improving zero-shot Qwen3.8-27B (cMER 0.0114 to 0.0108) but only the preference score of its LoRA-tuned version.

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13:00

SRRM: A Retrieval-Reconstruction Benchmark for Evaluating Long-Context Memory in Small Language Models

arXiv:2611.05386v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Small Language Models (SLMs) are increasingly deployed on consumer-grade hardware, yet their ability to preserve information across progressively longer contexts remains insufficiently understood. Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate retrieval-oriented tasks, providing limited insight into whether successful retrieval reflects comprehensive long-context memory preservation. To address this limitation, this paper introduces Simple Retrieval-Reconstruction Memory (SRRM), a lightweight and fully reproducible benchmark that jointly evaluates Targeted Retrieval and Global Information Reconstruction. This study also proposes the Memory Preservation Ratio (MPR), a benchmark-level metric that quantifies the relationship between retrieval and reconstruction performance. SRRM was evaluated using a synthetic dataset on three Qwen2.5 models (0.5B, 1.5B, and 3B parameters) across context loads ranging from 10 to 100 factual statements. Experimental results show that reconstruction performance deteriorated substantially faster than retrieval accuracy as contextual information increased, indicating that retrieval alone is insufficient to characterize long-context memory preservation. Among the evaluated models, Qwen2.5-1.5B achieved the highest retrieval accuracy (86.7%), reconstruction performance (45.7%), and MPR (0.53), outperforming the larger Qwen2.5-3B model (72.2%, 18.5%, and 0.26, respectively). These findings demonstrate that increasing parameter count does not necessarily improve long-context memory preservation. Overall, SRRM provides a reproducible and extensible benchmark for systematically evaluating long-context memory while revealing complementary memory behaviors that remain hidden under retrieval-only evaluation frameworks.

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13:00

Towards Efficient Whole Page Ranking with One-Pass Inference

arXiv:2611.05542v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Whole-page ranking jointly optimizes advertisements and organic content to balance business outcomes and user engagement under complex layout and business constraints. Existing non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches enable efficient page generation but typically score candidate items independently of previously selected items, limiting their ability to capture order-dependent interactions. Autoregressive (AR) methods address this limitation through sequential conditioning, but incur substantial inference overhead that challenges large-scale deployment. Bridging this quality-efficiency gap remains a challenge in industrial whole-page ranking. We propose Multi-Item Scoring (MIS), a prefix-aware NAR-style framework that incorporates sequential context into efficient multi-item scoring. MIS integrates global candidate interactions, localized prefix conditioning, and position-aware scoring within a shared representation architecture. By computing reusable representations once per request and performing lightweight prefix-conditioned scoring during constrained beam search, MIS captures important sequential dependencies without repeated full-model inference. Experiments on KuaiRand-1K and RL4RS demonstrate that MIS approaches the generation quality of an autoregressive CGA baseline while achieving 4.07x and 3.54x faster CPU decoding, respectively. In a randomized evaluation on a large-scale social-video platform, MIS improves the realization metric by 0.104% and watch time by 0.058%, while reducing ranking-service CPU consumption by 9.73%. These results demonstrate that prefix-aware multi-item scoring can narrow the quality gap between NAR and AR generation while retaining the efficiency required for industrial scalability.

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13:00

Verified but Vacuous: Three Failure Surfaces of LLM-Driven Verified Code Generation

arXiv:2611.05590v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: What should ``verified'' mean when evaluating LLM-generated code? Many existing pipelines report a single verification number. We argue this collapses three distinct properties measured in a conditional audit sequence: verifier acceptance (Surface A), \emph{syntactic specification binding (Surface B: does the proof obligation bind to the spec?), and \emph{semantic specification fidelity} (Surface C: does the spec capture the informal requirement?). Two empirical demonstrations show the surfaces separate. \textbf{First ($A \neq B$), via Li@Opus (a same-model reproduction of \citet{li2025dafny}'s Dafny-as-intermediate-representation (IR) pipeline under Claude Opus 4.7) on three Python benchmarks}: it reaches \textbf{99.1\% verifier acceptance} on HumanEval while only \textbf{1.9\%} carry a certificate binding to a spec-defined predicate or function. \textbf{Second ($B \neq C$), via VCG on two Rust benchmarks}: we use VCG (which is our own in-house Dafny-as-intermediate pipeline) on Rust because the Rust target lets us enforce fully-verifiable output (every component ships as a Dafny certificate, ensures-binding gate passing by construction). Even inside that construction, \textbf{11.48\% (MBPP-Rust) and 14.82\% (VeriContest LC slice) of structurally-verified samples still fail hidden tests}. On the LC slice of VeriContest, \textbf{VCG's reported End2End rate is 7.79\% (535/6870).} The cited external rates are 5.51\% (GPT-5.5) and 1.88\% (single-shot Opus 4.7). These give descriptive differences of 2.3 percentage points and 4.14$\times$, respectively; task-budget, repair and harness differences prevent a matched-performance claim.

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13:00

When Latent Dynamics Meet Data Assimilation: A Benchmark of Koopman-Type Representations

arXiv:2611.03916v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Koopman representations describe nonlinear dynamics through linear evolution in a transformed space, offering an attractive framework for their linear simplicity and generality. Yet these advantages do not necessarily translate into improved performance in deep latent data assimilation (LDA). We systematically compare seven representative methods and structural baselines across five systems spanning approximately periodic to strongly chaotic dynamics and a broad range of state dimensions. We evaluate forecast and assimilation accuracy, physical state recovery, latent-trajectory behavior, and dynamical consistency, and assess Gaussian error assumptions, objective convexity, and uniqueness of analysis solutions. Our results reveal a trade-off between representational flexibility and optimization tractability. Linear evolution of the latent state can stabilize short-term forecasts but restrict expressiveness in strongly chaotic and high-dimensional systems, without consistently improving assimilation accuracy. Parameterized linear operators offer greater flexibility, yet their joint optimization with the encoder--decoder remains nonconvex. Methods with closed-form analysis updates generally perform better and exhibit greater robustness in our experiments, although matrix inversion remains a computational bottleneck. These findings show that the practical benefits of Koopman structure depend on both sufficient observational information and the choice of assimilation procedure.

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2026-11-04
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Co-Occurrence Priors Override Visual Spatial Evidence: Understanding False Alarms in Vision-Language Models for Construction Struck-By Hazard Detection

arXiv:2611.04112v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) increasingly support construction hazard monitoring, yet their frequent false alarms remain poorly understood. This study investigates whether false struck-by hazard warnings arise from failures in object recognition, spatial relation encoding, or hazard decisions dominated by learned co-occurrence priors. We evaluated Qwen2.5-VL-7B and InternVL3.5-8B using 355 counterfactual worker-excavator scene pairs with controlled spatial proximity and worker-removal variants, combining behavioral analysis, internal representation probing, causal interventions, and decision correction. Both models recognized the entities and encoded their spatial relations (out-of-fold AUROC: 0.82 and 0.91), assigning higher hazard scores to near than far scenes in 79% and 73% of pairs. Nevertheless, 74% and 100% of far scenes were falsely classified as hazardous. Removing the worker reduced Qwen's hazard rate to 11%, while worker presence exerted 2.4- and 3.2-times greater influence on hazard scores than spatial proximity in the respective models. Attention-head interventions, neuron-level interventions, and activation steering failed to eliminate this co-occurrence bias. However, conditioning hazard decisions on the model's own spatial-relation representation improved Qwen's specificity from 0.36 to 0.58 at matched sensitivity, outperforming threshold recalibration. These findings reveal that VLM struck-by false alarms stem primarily from decision-making failures rather than deficiencies in object recognition or spatial encoding, suggesting that future efforts should prioritize conditioning hazard decisions on encoded spatial evidence rather than further improving visual recognition alone.

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13:00

Do We Still Need Rotation-Invariant Architectures? A Statistical Robustness Benchmark for Point Cloud Classification

arXiv:2611.03952v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A substantial line of work builds rotation invariance directly into point cloud architectures. We benchmark 10 architectures (PointNet, PointNet++, DGCNN, RIConv, RIConv++, RISurConv, PointMLP, PointTransformer, and the equivariant VN-PointNet and VN-DGCNN) across 5 domains under pose, noise, and occlusion, and analyze the results with confirmatory hypothesis tests rather than point estimates. The three rotation-invariant (RI) architectures achieve the best pose robustness but rank among the lowest on noise robustness in 4 of 5 domains. We ask whether this cost is intrinsic to invariance or specific to how invariance is obtained. We retrain all 10 architectures unchanged, with a simple invariance loss on the embedding and three training seeds each, and evaluate all models on the independently designed ModelNet40-C. Invariance training transfers narrowly but reliably. It improves exactly the corruption families its perturbations target wherever the baseline has headroom (mean occlusion +10.5, lidar +13.4 percentage points of accuracy). At matched training budget the best standard backbone and the best RI architecture end on par on unseen corruptions (within 2.5 percentage points in every seed), and invariance-trained RIConv++ is the most seed-stable top model. Once rotation augmentation is widened, standard backbones concede only a flat, angle-independent accuracy offset under full-sphere rotation. We release the benchmark along with a package for analyzing point cloud robustness and reproducing our results.

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